Baruch Spinoza is a visionary philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, born in the Dutch Republic. As a leading thinker of the Dutch Golden Age, Benedictus de Spinoza's profound ideas have significantly influenced modern biblical criticism, 17th-century rationalism, and Dutch intellectual culture. Drawing inspiration from notable figures such as Stoicism, Thomas Hobbes, and René Descartes, Spinoza's radical and innovative philosophy has established him as one of the most important figures of the early modern period, leaving a lasting impact on the world of philosophy.