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Daniel Defoe, born Daniel Foe, was a multifaceted English writer, merchant, and spy, renowned for his pioneering role in the development of the English novel. Best known for his seminal work "Robinson Crusoe," published in 1719, Defoe's influence on literature is immense, with his novel being one of the most translated works in history, second only to the Bible. Beyond his literary achievements, Defoe was a prolific political pamphleteer, often finding himself in trouble with the authorities and even spending time in prison for his outspoken views. His diverse career included stints as a merchant, journalist, and spy, contributing to significant historical events such as the Act of Union between England and Scotland. Defoe's legacy endures as a founding figure in English literature, celebrated for his vivid storytelling and insightful social commentary.